IVF has a clear sequence: ovarian stimulation, egg collection, fertilisation in the laboratory, embryo development, and embryo transfer, followed by a pregnancy test about two weeks later. One full cycle usually takes around three to five weeks.
In vitro fertilisation (IVF) can feel overwhelming when you first start, largely because it involves several stages over a few weeks. Understanding what happens at each step makes the process far less daunting.
In this guide, Op. Dr. Ayşet Jane Özcan walks through IVF step by step, from the first stimulation injections to the pregnancy test, so you know what to expect along the way.
Quick Answer: The Stages of IVF
A standard IVF cycle follows the same core steps: the ovaries are stimulated to produce several eggs, the eggs are collected, they are fertilised with sperm in the laboratory, the resulting embryos are grown for a few days, and one is transferred to the uterus. A pregnancy test follows about two weeks later.
Every plan is tailored to the individual, so timings and medication can vary. Your doctor will guide you through each step.
Step 1: Ovarian Stimulation
IVF begins with hormone injections that encourage the ovaries to develop several mature eggs in one cycle, rather than the single egg that usually matures naturally. This stage typically lasts around 8 to 14 days.
During stimulation, you attend regular monitoring appointments with ultrasound and blood tests. These check how the follicles are developing and allow the medication doses to be adjusted for you.
Step 2: Egg Collection
When the follicles are ready, a final trigger injection helps the eggs mature. Egg collection is then carried out about 36 hours later, as a short procedure under sedation, using ultrasound guidance to gently retrieve the eggs.
The procedure usually takes around 15 to 20 minutes, and most women rest for a short while afterwards before going home the same day. Mild cramping or bloating can occur for a day or two.
Step 3: Fertilisation in the Laboratory
On the same day, the collected eggs are combined with sperm in the laboratory. This can be done by placing eggs and sperm together, or by injecting a single sperm directly into each egg (ICSI), depending on your situation.
The laboratory then checks the next day to see how many eggs have fertilised successfully. Not every egg fertilises, which is one reason several eggs are collected.
Step 4: Embryo Development
The fertilised eggs, now embryos, are grown in the laboratory under carefully controlled conditions for several days. The embryology team monitors their development and quality.
Embryos are often grown to the blastocyst stage, around day five, which helps in selecting an embryo with good potential for transfer. Suitable extra embryos may be frozen for future use.
Step 5: Embryo Transfer
Embryo transfer is a simple, quick procedure that usually does not require sedation. A thin catheter is used to place the embryo into the uterus, guided by ultrasound. It feels similar to a smear test for most women.
After the transfer, you can return to your normal daily activities. Any additional good-quality embryos can be frozen for a later attempt.
Step 6: The Two-Week Wait and Pregnancy Test
About two weeks after the transfer, a blood test measures the pregnancy hormone to confirm whether the cycle has resulted in pregnancy. This waiting period can feel emotionally intense, and that is completely normal.
Whatever the result, your doctor will discuss the next steps with you, whether that is early pregnancy follow-up or planning a further cycle.
How Long Does IVF Take?
From the start of stimulation to the pregnancy test, one IVF cycle usually takes about three to five weeks. Preparation beforehand, such as tests and planning, and any frozen-embryo transfers afterwards, can add to the overall timeline.
Op. Dr. Ayşet Jane Özcan provides individualised IVF care in Bahçelievler, Istanbul, guiding you through each stage. You are welcome to book an appointment to discuss your options.
References
This article was prepared with reference to the following independent health sources.
- NHS. IVF
- World Health Organization. Infertility
